BoxB is one of the DNA binding domains of HMGB1 protein (HMG boxes). Structure-function analysis revealed that the cytokine activity of HMGB1 can be reproduced by the recombinant BoxB, that recapitulates the cytokine activity of full length HMGB1 and efficiently activates macrophages to release tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other proinflammatory cytokines (1).

BoxB from HMGB1 is produced in E.coli (2) from an expression plasmid coding for the mammalian sequence, which is totally identical in human and mouse, preceded by four amino acids (MARI) that have been added for the purpose of expression in bacteria (Bianchi et al. The DNA binding site of HMG1 protein is composed of two similar segments (3).

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